Table of Contents
History of Nicias
Nicias (/?n??i?s/; ?????? Nikias; c. 470413 BC) was an Athenian politician and general during the period of the Peloponnesian War. Nicias was a member of the Athenian aristocracy and had inherited a large fortune from his father, which was invested in the silver mines around Attica’s Mt. Laurium.
What was Nicias known for?
Nicias, (died 413 bc, Sicily [now in Italy]), Athenian politician and general during the Peloponnesian War (431404 bc) between Sparta and Athens. He was in charge of the Athenian forces engaged in the siege of Syracuse, Sicily, and the failure of the siege contributed greatly to the ultimate defeat of Athens.
Why did the Peace of Nicias start?
The essence of the Peace of Nicias (421) was a return to the prewar situation: most wartime gains were to be returned. Sparta had resoundingly failed to destroy the Athenian empire, and in this sense Athens, whatever its financial and human losses, had won the war.
When was Nicias born?
The Archidamian War. Although Nicias, the son of Niceratus, was born in c. 470 and was about forty years old when the Archidamian War between Sparta and Athens broke out in 431, we know hardly anything about his early career. The few recorded facts are not very illuminating.
What happened in the Peace of Nicias?
The Peace of Nicias was a peace treaty signed between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta in March 421 BC that ended the first half of the Peloponnesian War. In 425 BC, the Spartans had lost the battles of Pylos and Sphacteria, a severe defeat resulting in the Athenians holding 292 prisoners.
How was nicias executed?
Gyllipus wanted to take Nicias and Demosthenes back to Sparta as prisoners, but they were instead killed by the Syracusans.
Why did nicias oppose Sicilian expedition?
Nicias, who had opposed the expedition at first, now did not want to show any weakness either to the Syracusans and Spartans, or to the Athenians at home who he thought would have him executed, stating he’d rather die by the hands of the enemy than by those of his countrymen.
Was Nicias a good leader?
Following the death of Pericles in 429 BC, he became the principal rival of Cleon and the democrats in the struggle for the political leadership of the Athenian state. He was a moderate in his political views and opposed the aggressive imperialism of the democrats.
Why was the Peace of Nicias broken?
Sparta made promises that it could not keep. Moreover, it betrayed its allies Corinth and Megara, because it accepted the Athenian occupation of territories that belonged to these cities. Almost immediately after the treaty had been signed, it collapsed.
How many Triremes did the Athenian forces have at Syracuse?
Although the initial Athenian force was very strongwith 130 triremes, 5,000 hoplite infantry, and numerous supporting ships and lighter troopsit began operations with a halfhearted attack on the city.
Who betrayed Sparta?
In popular media. In the 1962 film The 300 Spartans, Ephialtes was portrayed by Kieron Moore and is depicted as a loner who worked on a goat farm near Thermopylae. He betrays the Spartans to the Persians out of greed for riches, and, it is implied, unrequited love for a Spartan girl named Ellas.
Where did Lysander destroy most of the Athenian fleet?
He destroyed the Athenian fleet at the Battle of Aegospotami in 405 BC, forcing Athens to capitulate and bringing the Peloponnesian War to an end. He then played a key role in Sparta’s domination of Greece for the next decade until his death at the Battle of Haliartus.
Who won at mantinea?
The great Battle of Mantinea (also called Second Mantinea to distinguish it from the events of 418) was a technical victory for Thebes in the strictly military sense, but (as Xenophon noted) it was actually indecisive: Epaminondas’s death permanently crushed Theban hopes of leadership in Greece.
What caused Athens to lose Peloponnesian War?
In 430 BC, an outbreak of a plague hit Athens. The plague ravaged the densely packed city, and in the long run, was a significant cause of its final defeat. The plague wiped out over 30,000 citizens, sailors and soldiers, including Pericles and his sons. Roughly one-third to two-thirds of the Athenian population died.
What was Sparta’s advantage in the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta’s militaristic culture was an essential part of their life and values system. Their military was much stronger than Athens’ and had better training. This was their major advantage.
Why did the Peloponnesian war start?
The primary causes were that Sparta feared the growing power and influence of the Athenian Empire. The Peloponnesian war began after the Persian Wars ended in 449 BCE. The two powers struggled to agree on their respective spheres of influence, absent Persia’s influence.
Where did the battle of Aegospotami take place?
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
Athens was forced to surrender, and Sparta won the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. Spartans terms were lenient.
Where is amphipolis located today?
The finds are displayed at the archaeological museum of Amphipolis. At the nearby vast Kasta burial mound, an ancient Macedonian tomb has recently been revealed.
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Amphipolis.
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Amphipolis.
| Amfipoli ???????? | |
|---|---|
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | Central Macedonia |
| Regional unit | Serres |
| Government | |
What leader greatly expanded the Macedonian empire?
What leader greatly expanded the Macedonian Empire? How large did the empire become? Alexander the Great. It spread almost 3,000 miles wide.
Who planned the Sicilian Expedition?
415413, better known as the Sicilian disaster. The initial commanders were Alcibiades, Nicias, and Lamachus, but the expedition was weakened by the recall of Alcibiades to stand trial for impiety (he escaped and went to Sparta, which sent help to Syracuse at his suggestion).
What kind of government did Pericles introduce?
Pericles is credited with instilling Athenian democracy and ushering in the Golden Age of Athens.
What did Thucydides think of Nicias?
Thucydides clearly showed pity for Nicias, but he still did not measure up to Pericles. In spite of the mistakes that Nicias made, Thucydides still deemed him worthy of some respect because of his virtue and interest in what was best for Athens, not just for himself.
What qualities of Athenian life does Pericles mention how do these contrast with those that archidamus points out for Sparta?
How do these contrast with those that Archidamus points out for Sparta? Games, sacrifices and daily pleasure were qualities of Athenian life. However, in Sparta, philosophy and meaningful arts were not considered important and were far behind in significance to military and self-control mechanisms.
Where is corcyra ancient Greece?
Korkyra (also Corcyra; Greek: ???????, Krkyra) was an ancient Greek city on the island of Corfu in the Ionian sea, adjacent to Epirus. It was a colony of Corinth, founded in the Archaic period.
What was one of Pericles’s goals?
C. that this period often is called the Age of Pericles. He had three goals: (1) to strengthen Athenian democracy, (2) to hold and strengthen the empire, and (3) to glorify Athens.
What aspect of megarian life did the megarian Decree address?
The decree addressed the Megarians’ supposed trespass on land sacred to Demeter known as the Hiera Orgas, the killing of the Athenian herald who was sent to their city to reproach them, and giving shelter to slaves who had fled from Athens.
What event prevented Periclean strategy from effectiveness?
In the aftermath of a devastating plague, Athenians turned against Pericles’s defensive strategy in favor of a more aggressive one that would bring war directly to Sparta and its allies. The Peace of Nicias was signed in 421 BCE, and concluded the first phase of the war.
How did the Sicilian expedition turn out for the Athenians?
The Expedition
Alcibiades’ enthusiasm galvanized the Athenians, and they set to building a massive naval fleet. The expressed objective of the expedition was just to protect their allies, not start war, but the size of the fleet clearly indicated a preparedness for battle.
What did the Spartans use their navy and what did this do to the Athenians?
Instead, the Athenians used their navy to deliver troops into the Spartan territory to conduct raids on settlements. After years of open warfare, Sparta offered peace and Athens accepted. The agreement was made official with the signing of the Peace of Nicias.
Did Athens declare war on Sparta after a disagreement over Corinth?
Sparta and its allies became increasingly jealous and distrustful of Athens. Finally, in 431 BC, when Sparta and Athens ended up on different sides in a conflict over the city of Corinth, Sparta declared war on Athens.
Did Xerxes conquer Sparta?
What was the result of the Battle of Thermopylae? A Persian army led by Xerxes I defeated Greek forces led by the Spartan king Leonidas in the Battle of Thermopylae.
How much of 300 is true?
The film 300 is an adaptation of a comic book based on historical events, but it makes no pretense of being historically accurate. However, the battle of Thermopylae was a real event, with 300 Spartans at the center of the story.
How many of the 300 Spartans died?
The battle of Thermopylae (August 480 BC) is one of the most famous military defeats in history, and is best known for the fate of the 300 Spartans, killed alongside 700 Thespians on the final day of the battle (Greco-Persian Wars).
Why is Lysander significant?
Lysander, (died 395 bc, Haliartus, Boeotia), Greek military and political leader who won the final victory for Sparta in the Peloponnesian War and, at its close, wielded great power throughout Greece. Nothing is known of his early career.
Why is Lysander important?
Lysander is Hermia’s boyfriend. He is equal to Demetrius in Athenian society, but for some reason unknown to the audience, Hermia’s dad prefers Demetrius as a future son-in-law. Lysander persuades Hermia to defy her dad and run away with him.
Whose navy did the Spartans use to defeat the Athenians?
In the battle, a Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian navy. This effectively ended the war, since Athens could not import grain or communicate with its empire without control of the sea.
What happened at the Battle of mantinea?
The First Battle of Mantinea of 418 BC was a significant engagement in the Peloponnesian War. Sparta and its allies defeated an army led by Argos and Athens.
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Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)
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Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)
| Battle of Mantinea | |
|---|---|
| Sparta Arcadian allies of Sparta Tegea | Argos Athens Mantinea Arcadian allies of Argos |
| Commanders and leaders | |
How long was the battle of mantinea?
In the spring of 421, the Athenians and Spartans concluded the Peace of Nicias. After eight years of fighting and an uneasy truce of two years, the Archidamian War was over.
How do you pronounce Mantinea?
Who defeated Sparta?
Despite their military prowess, the Spartans’ dominance was short-lived: In 371 B.C., they were defeated by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra, and their empire went into a long period of decline.
Why did the Spartans fall?
This decay occurred because Sparta’s population declined, change in values, and stubborn preservation of conservatism. Sparta ultimately surrendered its position as ancient Greece’s preeminent military power.
Why is Sparta military better than Athens?
Sparta is far superior to Athens because their army was fierce and protective, girls received some education and women had more freedom than in other poleis. First, the army of Sparta was the strongest fighting force in Greece.
What were Sparta’s allies?
Sparta acquired two powerful allies, Corinth and Elis (also city-states), by ridding Corinth of tyranny, and helping Elis secure control of the Olympic Games.
What were the disadvantages of Sparta’s military society?
Sparta was very violent and all they thought about was having the strongest military. The weaknesses of Sparta outweigh the strengths because the Spartans lacked education, boys were taken away from their families at a young age, and they were very abusive. To begin with, Spartans lacked advanced education.
What are Sparta’s strengths?
Sparta was a Greek city-state on the Peloponnese Peninsula, that last about 300 years next to the Mediterranean Sea. They valued war/military the most. The strengths of Sparta outweigh the weakness because they had an advanced military, they respected women, and they trained their soldiers at a young age.
How many Peloponnesian Wars were there?
The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies came in two stages: from c. 460 to 446 and from 431 to 404 BCE. With battles at home and abroad, the long and complex conflict was damaging to both sides.
Who started the Persian war?
The Persian Wars began in 499 BCE, when Greeks in the Persian-controlled territory rose in the Ionian Revolt. Athens, and other Greek cities, sent aid, but were quickly forced to back down after defeat in 494 BCE. Subsequently, the Persians suffered many defeats at the hands of the Greeks, led by the Athenians.
How did Persia become involved in the Peloponnesian wars?
After the destruction of the Sicilian Expedition, Lacedaemon encouraged the revolt of Athens’s tributary allies, and indeed, much of Ionia rose in revolt. The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships.
